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{"id":104,"date":"2016-01-05T21:25:17","date_gmt":"2016-01-05T21:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demos.famethemes.com\/screenr\/?p=50"},"modified":"2017-01-29T23:39:55","modified_gmt":"2017-01-29T22:39:55","slug":"say-goodbye-to-thunder-hello-to-screenr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/say-goodbye-to-thunder-hello-to-screenr\/","title":{"rendered":"Le B.A.BA des prot\u00e9ines v\u00e9g\u00e9tales"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le B.A.BA des prot\u00e9ines<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une prot\u00e9ine\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong>
\nUne prot\u00e9ine est une macromol\u00e9cule compos\u00e9e d\u2019une ou plusieurs cha\u00eenes d\u2019acides amin\u00e9s. Plus de 300 acides amin\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents dans la nature, mais seulement 20 rentrent dans la composition des prot\u00e9ines.
\nToute prot\u00e9ine alimentaire, v\u00e9g\u00e9tale ou animale, est dig\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l\u2019estomac et le duod\u00e9num pour fournir des acides amin\u00e9s. Ce sont ceux-ci qui vont \u00eatre absorb\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s par l\u2019organisme pour synth\u00e9tiser les prot\u00e9ines dont il a besoin.<\/p>\n

Acides amin\u00e9s essentiels\u00a0: les \u00ab\u00a0briques\u00a0\u00bb des prot\u00e9ines<\/em><\/strong>
\nLes acides amin\u00e9s sont class\u00e9s en essentiels et non-essentiels\u00a0: l\u2019organisme ne peut pas synth\u00e9tiser les premiers mais d\u00e9pend de l\u2019alimentation pour les obtenir. Les acides amin\u00e9s non-essentiels peuvent en revanche \u00eatre synth\u00e9tis\u00e9s mais se trouvent eux aussi dans les aliments.
\nContrairement \u00e0 un mythe tenace, les aliments v\u00e9g\u00e9taux contiennent tous les acides amin\u00e9s essentiels\u00a0: les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales comme le riz, les l\u00e9gumineuses comme les lentilles, et m\u00eame les fruits et les l\u00e9gumes. Ce qui varie entre ces aliments, c\u2019est la quantit\u00e9 relative des diff\u00e9rents acides amin\u00e9s, et, bien s\u00fbr, la quantit\u00e9 totale de prot\u00e9ines pr\u00e9sente dans les aliments. Les prot\u00e9ines v\u00e9g\u00e9tales ne sont pas plus \u00ab\u00a0incompl\u00e8tes\u00a0\u00bb que les prot\u00e9ines animales, en effet tous les acides amin\u00e9s essentiels y sont pr\u00e9sents, comme on le voit dans le tableau ci-dessous (quantit\u00e9s exprim\u00e9es par 100 grammes d\u2019aliment)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
acide amin\u00e9 essentiel (mg)<\/strong><\/td>\nbl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nlentilles<\/strong><\/td>\ncamembert<\/strong><\/td>\npoulet<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
histidine<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n710<\/td>\n780<\/td>\n610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
isoleucine<\/td>\n540<\/td>\n1190<\/td>\n1340<\/td>\n1290<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
leucine<\/td>\n920<\/td>\n2110<\/td>\n2250<\/td>\n1780<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lysine<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n1890<\/td>\n1900<\/td>\n2040<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sulfur\u00e9s<\/td>\n510<\/td>\n470<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
aromatiques<\/td>\n1050<\/td>\n2240<\/td>\n2620<\/td>\n1670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thr\u00e9onine<\/td>\n430<\/td>\n1120<\/td>\n850<\/td>\n1010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trypthophane<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n310<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Valine<\/td>\n620<\/td>\n1390<\/td>\n1620<\/td>\n1180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prot\u00e9ines (g.)<\/td>\n11,40<\/td>\n23,40<\/td>\n23,00<\/td>\n19,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Existe-t-il des prot\u00e9ines de \u00ab\u00a0qualit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong>
\nLe concept de \u00ab\u00a0qualit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb des prot\u00e9ines est aussi souvent utilis\u00e9 pour faire croire \u00e0 une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des prot\u00e9ines animales. Notre organisme ne peut pas stocker les acides amin\u00e9s\u00a0: ceux qui ne sont pas utilis\u00e9s pour la synth\u00e8se de prot\u00e9ines sont oxyd\u00e9s (\u00ab\u00a0brul\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb) dans des r\u00e9actions chimiques. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, dans un aliment, il y a un acide amin\u00e9 en quantit\u00e9 moindre par rapport \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 id\u00e9ale, qui permettrait d\u2019utiliser tous les acides amin\u00e9s \u00e0 100\u00a0%\u00a0: on appelle cet acide amin\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0limitant\u00a0\u00bb. La \u00ab\u00a0qualit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019une prot\u00e9ine est ainsi souvent d\u00e9crite par rapport \u00e0 cet acide amin\u00e9 limitant. Cette notion fait sens pour des groupes sujets \u00e0 des restrictions caloriques s\u00e9v\u00e8res (populations souffrant la famine\u00a0; patients anorexiques) mais perd toute signification dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, o\u00f9 le probl\u00e8me est la surconsommation de prot\u00e9ines, jamais la carence. M\u00eame les v\u00e9g\u00e9tariens consomment plus de prot\u00e9ines que ce qui est n\u00e9cessaire,\u00a0sans qu\u2019il leur soit n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019associer plusieurs prot\u00e9ines v\u00e9g\u00e9tales entre elles (c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et l\u00e9gumineuses), selon un autre mythe d\u00e9menti depuis des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

Les besoin en prot\u00e9ines sont beaucoup plus faibles que ce que le mod\u00e8le dominant veut faire croire\u00a0: 0,66 g par kg de poids corporel chez l\u2019adulte\u00a0; jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,12 chez le nourrisson (rapport FAO\/OMS\/UNU 2007). Le risque de carence en prot\u00e9ines n\u2019existe donc simplement pas, sauf en cas de carence en calorie. Dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ce n\u2019est certainement la carence calorique le probl\u00e8me, mais plut\u00f4t l\u2019exc\u00e8s\u00a0: la m\u00eame conclusion s\u2019applique aussi aux prot\u00e9ines.<\/p>\n

En conclusion<\/em><\/strong>
\nDe nombreux aliments v\u00e9g\u00e9taux sont riches en acides amin\u00e9s essentiels\u00a0: les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales comme le riz, le millet ou le sarrasin, les l\u00e9gumineuses comme le haricots, les lentilles les pois chiches ou le soja, les graines germ\u00e9es… Une alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne (y compris v\u00e9g\u00e9talienne) vari\u00e9e r\u00e9pond parfaitement aux besoins de l\u2019organisme en prot\u00e9ines.<\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus<\/em><\/strong>
\nRapport OMS\/FAO\/UNU sur les besoins en prot\u00e9ines et acides amin\u00e9s<\/a> (en anglais)<\/p>\n

Un article de la commission scientifique de l\u2019Association V\u00e9g\u00e9tarienne de France.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a9 Jeudi Veggie – 2013<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le B.A.BA des prot\u00e9ines Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une prot\u00e9ine\u00a0? Une prot\u00e9ine est une macromol\u00e9cule compos\u00e9e d\u2019une ou plusieurs cha\u00eenes d\u2019acides amin\u00e9s. Plus de 300 acides amin\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents dans la nature, mais seulement 20 rentrent dans la composition des prot\u00e9ines. Toute prot\u00e9ine alimentaire, v\u00e9g\u00e9tale ou animale, est dig\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l\u2019estomac et le duod\u00e9num pour fournir des acides […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[17],"tags":[10,11],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9BcUa-1G","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1254,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104\/revisions\/1254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.growingroot.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}